Košická kotlina

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Regional Administration of Nature and Landscape Protection Prešov

tel: +421 51 756 74 15
fax:+421 51 772 41 79
Slovak Republic
Prešov
Hlavná 93

Belža, Bočiar, Buzica, Byster, Cestice, Čaňa, Geča, Gyňov, Haniska, Chym, Kechnec, Komárovce, Košická Polianka, Krásna, Milhosť, Nižná Hutka, Nižná Myšľa, Nižný Čaj, Nižný Lánec, Olšovany, Perín, Seňa, Skároš, Sokoľany, Svinica, Trstené pri Hornáde, Veľká Ida, Vyšná Myšľa, Vyšný Čaj, Vyšný Lánec, Ždaňa, Železiarne

alpský región, panonsky region

Aquila heliaca, Ciconia ciconia, Coturnix coturnix, Dendrocopos syriacus, Falco cherrug, Strix uralensis

The site belongs to the geomorphological unit Košická kotlina basin, subunits Košická rovina plane and Toryská pahorkatina upland and to the unit Bodvianska pahorkatina upland, subunit Abovská pahorkatina upland. Northern part of the site is formed of huge alluvial cones built of quarternary fluvial and proluvial deposits. Southern part of the site represents Abovská pahorkatina upland built of the Neogene deposits (sandy gravels, clays and silts with sands and gravels) with erosion ravines, slope deformations and strongly dilated outwashed cones. Eastern part of the site represents Toryská pahorkatina upland with a dominant hilly relief built of the deposits with a pelitic-detrital evolution. Redeposited rhyolite tuffs and tuffites are parts of the layers. The site switches from middle-broken highland through alluvial plane to slight-broken lowland with the terraced deposits covered with loess and loam. Despite being strongly affected by human activities, the site consists of a habitats mosaic. Substantial part of the site is covered with an arable land. Forest stands are represented with residuals of oak-hornbeam, thermophilous submediterranean oak and tormentil oak forests and oak-elm-ash and ash-alder alluvial forests. Forest monocultures occur in places. Non-forest vegetation is represented with the lowland and submountain hay-meadows, mesophile pastures, tall-herb communities of wet meadows and reed beds. Substantial part of meadows and pastures has been intensificated. Except the alluvial forests residuals the water streams are accompanied with herbal fringe vegetation. Water habitats (i.e. water reservoirs) are represented with floating and submerged vegetation of meso- and eutrophic lakes and the willow shrubs. Xerophile habitats, especially shrubs, orchards, gardens, graveyards, roads, railways, etc. are important features of an intensively utilized agricultural land. Percentage within biogeographic regions: Pannonic 88.33%, Alpine 11.67%

Site is one of the three most important areas in Slovakia for nesting of Falco cherrug and regularly nest here more than 1% of national population of Strix uralensis, Dendrocopos syriacus, Ciconia ciconia, Coturnix coturnix and Aquila heliaca.

Kosicka kotlina represents a typical example of intensively managed agricultural landscape with a certain proportion of its territory being impacted by a considerably high level of air pollution as a result of mass industrial production concentrated in the Kosice municipal area. Surface waters as well as groundwater resources of Kosicka kotlina also greatly suffer from mass pollution. Despite this fact, high level of pollution poses direct threat to the distribution of only one criteria bird species (White stork - Ciconia ciconia) as such and that is by substantial decrease of its main food source which is amphibians inhabiting wetland areas. Existence of the two rare birds of prey (criteria species) is being threatened by a potential destruction (directly resulting from the changed management practices) of the pasture near hamlet Grajciar where the only natural sushlik colony of the area is located. Preservation of this colony is of vital importance for sushlik representing the main source of food of these species. Plans for the construction of new industrial parks and factories as well as urban planning studies and local development plans shall therefore be thoroughly assessed also from the point of view of the potential impact of such actions on the survival of criteria species selected. With respect to the protection of these species it is necessary to pay appropriate attention to the following: strict control of the pesticide application and excessive use of fertilisers, support for the extensive forms of agricultural production, encouragement of the livestock grazing, prevention of the destruction of natural balks and encouragement of their increase, prevention of grass burning and the general prevention of nests destruction. Likewise, worth paying attention is the creation of the favourable conditions for the Saker falcon (Falco cherrug) breeding that can be achieved by using special camera system to monitor the critical sections of 22 kw power lines; fitting the critical sections of the power lines with proper ridge protection is also considered a desirable measure.

Vyssia kategoria(kod - nazov)	Nazov aktivity
A - poľnohospodárstvo
	pestovanie
	zmena v spôsoboch obhospodarovania
	kŕmenie zvierat
	používanie pesticídov, hormónov a chemikálií
	hnojenie
	zavlazovanie
	odstránenie živých polotov, krovín a mladiny
B - Pestovanie lesa, lesníctvo
	Holorub
	Odstránenie scuhárov a ležaniny
C - baníctvo, ťažba materiálu, výroba energie
	baníctvo a lomy
D - doprava a komunikácie
	cesty, rýchlostné komunikácie
	úžitkové vedenia
	elektrické a telefónne vedenie
	potrubia
E - urganizácia, sídla a rozvoj
	súvislá urbanizácia
	priemyselné a obchodné plochy
	továrne
	nakladanie s priemyselným odpadom
F - využívanie biologických zdrojov iných ako poľnohospodárstvo a lesníctvo
	morský a sladkovodný chov rýb
	kladenie pascí, otrávených návnad, pytliactvo
G - ľudské vplyvy
	vandalizmus
H - znečistenie
	znečistenie ovdušia
	znečistenie pôdy a pevný odpad
	iné formy znečistenia
J - prirodzené zmeny systému
	požiar a potlačenie požiaru
	zazemňovanie, rekultivácie a vysušovanie, všeobecne
	budovanie kanálov
K - prírodné biotické a abiotícké procesy (okrem katastrof)
	zazemňovanie
	acidifikácia (prírodzená)